Final answer:
The Newbery Medal is the award given to recognize the most significant contribution to children's literature, awarded annually by the ALA. the correct option is B. Newbery Medal.
Step-by-step explanation:
The literary award given to recognize the most significant contribution to children's literature is B. Newbery Medal. The Newbery Medal was named for eighteenth-century British bookseller John Newbery. It is awarded annually by the American Library Association (ALA) to the author of the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children. The Medal was first awarded in 1922, making it the first children's book award in the world.
While the Caldecott Medal also focuses on children's books, it honors the artist of the most distinguished American picture book for children in a given year. Comparatively, the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction is awarded to authors of distinguished fiction by American authors, typically dealing with American life, and the Man Booker Prize is awarded for the best original novel written in the English language and published in the UK.