Final answer:
Brother Nicephorus is the contributor who adopted a religious name and taught at a Catholic training school, unlike the other more well-known photographers mentioned.
Step-by-step explanation:
The contributor to the development of photography who adopted Saint Nicephorus's name and taught at a Catholic training school is Brother Nicephorus. The other individuals mentioned, such as Ansel Adams, Alfred Stieglitz, and Edward Weston, were indeed contributors to the art of photography, but none of them adopted a religious name nor taught at a Catholic training school in the context provided. Brother Nicephorus is not as widely recognized in mainstream photographic history as the others, but his choice of name and educational role indicate his association with religious institutions and teaching.