Final answer:
The free energy under nonstandard conditions is calculated using the equation ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q, where ΔG° represents the standard free energy change, R is the gas constant, T the temperature in Kelvin, and Q the reaction quotient.
Step-by-step explanation:
The formula for free energy under nonstandard conditions, such as nonstandard pressure and concentration, is given by Gibbs free energy equation:
ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q
Where ΔG is the change in free energy under nonstandard conditions, ΔG° is the standard free energy change, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and Q is the reaction quotient which represents the ratio of product activities to reactant activities.
This equation is crucial for predicting the direction of chemical reactions and for calculating the actual free-energy change for a reaction under given conditions. It is also intimately related to the Nernst Equation, which connects cell potential with the concentration of reactants and products.