Final answer:
Heteroatoms with one or more pairs of unshared electron pairs are considered electron-donating directors, which activate the benzene ring for electrophilic substitution and make it more reactive.
Step-by-step explanation:
Heteroatoms with one or more pairs of unshared electron pairs are electron-donating directors. Such atoms or groups tend to donate electron density through resonance or induction, thereby stabilizing the positive charge that forms during the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction on a benzene ring. Therefore, they are activating the ring and making it more reactive towards electrophilic attack. On the other hand, electron-withdrawing groups are deactivating and are typically meta-directors because they pull electron density away from the ring, making it less reactive.