Question

In Atlantic History, the period 1776-1848 is identified as one in which ideas of a new, liberal order founded on republican principles replaced an older social order organized around the monarchy, the Church, and corporate social structures that categorized people into classes. Examine the “The Age of Andean Insurrection” and the age of Latin American Independence comparatively, explaining how ideals of political change and the replacement of European authorities with native-born authorities changed between the middle of the eighteenth century and the early nineteenth century. What were some common economic and social complaints in the earlier period? How did rebels express their desire for political change during those years? In the later years, how were calls for change different? Which political concepts were most important to those later political actors?

Answer 1

the period 1776-1848 was one of significant political and social change in the Americas. In this period, ideas of a new, liberal order based on republican principles replaced older, monarchical and corporatist systems of governance. This shift was particularly pronounced in the Andean region, where a series of insurrections and independence movements sought to overthrow European rule and establish new, native-born authorities.

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Answer 2

The period 1776-1848 was one of significant political and social change in the Americas. In this period, many parts of the Americas saw a shift from older, monarchical and corporatist systems of governance towards more liberal and republican ideals. This shift was particularly pronounced in the Andean region, where a series of insurrections and independence movements sought to overthrow Spanish colonial rule and establish new, native-born authorities.

During the earlier period of the Age of Andean Insurrection, which roughly corresponds to the middle of the eighteenth century, economic and social complaints were common among the indigenous and mestizo populations of the Andes. These included complaints about the high taxes and forced labor imposed by the Spanish colonial authorities, as well as the lack of political representation and the exclusion of indigenous and mestizo groups from positions of power and influence.

In response to these complaints, rebels in the Andean region often expressed their desire for political change through the use of violence and armed rebellion. For example, the Túpac Amaru II rebellion of 1780-1783 saw indigenous and mestizo rebels take up arms against the Spanish colonial authorities in an attempt to overthrow their rule and establish a more just and equitable society.

During the later period of the age of Latin American Independence, which roughly corresponds to the early nineteenth century, calls for political change continued to be common. However, these calls were often more focused on establishing new, independent nation-states in place of the Spanish colonial authorities. This shift in focus was due in part to the successful independence movements in the United States and Haiti, which served as models for Latin American rebels seeking to break free from European rule.

Political concepts such as popular sovereignty, republicanism, and the natural rights of individuals were important to many of the political actors of the later period. These concepts were often invoked in calls for independence and in the drafting of new, liberal constitutions for the newly independent nations of Latin America.

Overall, the period 1776-1848 was one of significant political and social change in the Americas. In this period, ideas of a new, liberal order based on republican principles replaced older, monarchical and corporatist systems of governance. This shift was particularly pronounced in the Andean region, where a series of insurrections and independence movements sought to overthrow European rule and establish new, native-born authorities.