Final answer:
Winston speculates that the rule of the proles would follow Marxist ideology, leading to a dictatorship of the proletariat and eventually a classless, communist society. The transition would involve the proletariat seizing control, abolishing private property, and eliminating class distinctions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Winston, from George Orwell's 1984, is not entirely sure about the outcome of the proles taking charge, but he is somewhat hopeful that they will rise up and overthrow the ruling Party. Drawing parallels from Marxist theory, it is believed that if the proles were to come into power, they would establish a world based on the principles of the dictatorship of the proletariat. This concept envisions a transitional societal state where the workers control the means of production, leading to a society that is free of class distinctions. The Marxist proletarian revolution would result in the seizure of private property, the displacement of the bourgeoisie, and the establishment of communal ownership in the pursuit of a classless society.
However, Marxists argue this is meant to be a temporary phase leading to a pure communist system, where there would be no distinction between rich and poor, and no private ownership. In such a world, all resources and means of production would supposedly be shared for the benefit of all, rather than controlled by a select few. Such visions contrast sharply with a capitalist society where democratic governance and economic prosperity are seen as the result of capitalist endeavors.