Final answer:
David and Roger Johnson define formal cooperative learning as Structured Student Collaboration, a pedagogical approach that promotes interactive and cooperative activities among students in a structured format.
Step-by-step explanation:
David and Roger Johnson define formal cooperative learning as Structured Student Collaboration. In this educational approach, structured group activities are designed to facilitate mutual learning among students. Cooperative learning is a pedagogical strategy that encourages students to work together to achieve shared goals, understand concepts, and solve problems. Activities are typically designed with the goal of promoting interaction and cooperation within the group, thereby enhancing the learning experience.
Examples of cooperative learning activities include discussions, problem-solving sessions, and lab work that are completed in groups rather than individually. This learning model is in contrast to competitive or individualistic learning structures, where students work against each other or independently. The Johnson brothers, who are significant contributors to the field of education, specifically crafted this definition to emphasize the importance of cooperative learning in today's collaborative environments, such as the workforce and broader society.