Final answer:
The largest group of U.S. students in special education programs are those with learning disabilities, which are neurological disorders that affect specific areas of learning like reading or math, and do not indicate a lack of overall intelligence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The largest group of U.S. students to receive special education is children with learning disabilities. Learning disabilities are neurological disorders that can present challenges in acquiring certain skills such as reading, writing, or math. Contrary to a lowered general intelligence, children with learning disabilities often have average to above-average intelligence. However, they may struggle with specific cognitive processes. Dyslexia, for example, is the most common learning disability and it affects the ability to process letters and sounds correctly. Students with learning disabilities require tailored educational interventions and individual educational plans to maximize their learning potential, according to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
The act ensures that all children, including those with special needs, have the right to a free and appropriate education. Schools are mandated to provide accommodations and modifications to help these students succeed. This could include alterations in teaching methods, the use of technology, and additional support services.