Final answer:
The statement that the motive to avoid failure promotes success cannot be universally accepted; fear of failure can both motivate and hinder success depending on individual circumstances. Positive motivation and resilience often lead to better outcomes than fear-based motivation. Hence, the option (a) true is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the motive to avoid failure promotes success is often debated in the study of psychology and motivation. While some might argue that the fear of failure can indeed be a powerful motivator for students to work harder and learn from their experiences, it is not a universally true statement.
It presumes that the fear of failure always leads to enhanced performance, which ignores the complexity of human motivation and the potential negative effects of fear on learning and performance. In some cases, the fear of failure may lead to increased anxiety, which could actually impair a student's ability to learn and succeed.
In contrast, positive motivation strategies focusing on the intrinsic rewards of learning and personal growth may often lead to better educational outcomes. An attitude of resilience and belief in one's own abilities is critical for long-term career success.
Moreover, optimizing one's arousal levels can lead to maintaining sufficient motivation without succumbing to the adverse effects of excessive stress.