Final answer:
Reciprocal determinism, proposed by Albert Bandura, closely aligns with the concept of social learning. It suggests a dynamic interaction among personal factors, behavior, and the environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term reciprocal determinism is closest to the concept of d) Social learning. Reciprocal determinism is a theory set forth by Albert Bandura which suggests that a person's behavior is influenced by personal factors, environmental factors, and the behavior itself. Each of these elements affects and is, in turn, affected by the others. This theory is a part of Bandura's social-cognitive theory which emphasizes learning and cognition as sources of individual differences in personality development.Bandura's reciprocal determinism is an integral part of the social-cognitive perspective on personality and behavior. Unlike Skinner, who believed the environment alone determines behavior, Bandura posited that our cognitive processes (beliefs, expectations, and personality characteristics), our behaviors (actions that may be rewarded or punished), and the context (environmental or situational factors) all interact with each other. This interaction suggests that while we can be influenced by our environment, we also have the ability to influence that same environment through our actions and thoughts — a dynamic interplay that shapes who we are and how we behave.Conclusion Hence, reciprocal determinism is most closely associated with the idea of social learning, where behavior is seen as part of a feedback loop with the environment and cognitive processes, rather than a simple cause and effect or self-regulation.