Final answer:
Achievement is most strongly related to motivation, forming an analogy where ability is similarly related to opportunity. This relationship is underscored by studies showing the impact of grit and perseverance, as well as the effects of arousal on task performance according to complexity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Achievement in the context of performance psychology is most strongly related to motivation. Similarly, ability is most strongly related to opportunity. Taking into consideration that the study showed grit and perseverance are significant predictors of academic success and achievement, beyond talent or IQ, it speaks to the nature of motivation as a critical factor. Furthermore, the recognition that task performance is optimal at intermediate arousal levels, with difficult tasks requiring lower arousal and simple tasks benefiting from higher arousal, highlights the complexity of understanding motivation in relation to performance. In job satisfaction, autonomy and work content can be driving factors for motivation, potentially leading to higher achievement.
Given that opportunity can refer to the set of circumstances that make it possible to do something, it is analogous to ability as both reflect potential. As with figures showing that certain levels of arousal affect task performance differently based on the complexity of the task, opportunity influences one's ability to perform given that it represents the conditions under which one's abilities can be utilized.