Final answer:
True, cognitive theorists believe the interaction between the individual and the environment is crucial in behavior prediction, aligning with social-cognitive theory and its concept of reciprocal determinism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cognitive theorists do indeed believe that it is the complex interaction between the individual and the environment that is most crucial in predicting behavior, so the answer to the question is (a) True. This concept is part of social-cognitive theory, which emphasizes the role of cognitive processes in behavior and was advanced by Albert Bandura. Bandura introduced the concept of reciprocal determinism, which suggests a mutual influence between a person's behavior, personal factors (including cognition), and the environment. This stands in contrast with B.F. Skinner's behaviorist perspective that considered the environment as the sole determinant of behavior without the inclusion of internal cognitive processes.
Through observational learning and self-efficacy, Bandura's theory accounts for personal factors in learning and personality development. In observing others and the consequences of their actions, individuals learn and choose which behaviors to imitate, a process that is influenced by their confidence in their abilities (self-efficacy). Overall, social-cognitive theory provides a more comprehensive view of personality development, including how individuals think, learn, and interact with their environment.