Final answer:
The type of problem that is vaguely stated with unclear procedures for solving is known as an ill-structured problem. Algorithms offer precise, step-by-step instructions, while heuristics provide general guidelines or mental shortcuts for problem-solving.
Step-by-step explanation:
Problems that are vague and don't have a clear set of steps to solve are most likely b) Ill-structured problems. These problems contrast with well-defined problems, which have clear criteria for solutions and distinct steps to achieve those solutions. Unlike algorithmic problems, which rely on a specific set of instructions, or insight problems that often require an 'aha' moment, ill-structured problems require a more flexible approach to problem-solving.
In the context of problem-solving strategies, an algorithm is a detailed, step-by-step problem-solving strategy, similar to a recipe that produces the same result every time it is used. For instance, algorithms are utilized in search engine functions or social media feeds. On the other hand, a heuristic is a mental shortcut or a general problem-solving framework that helps save time and effort, but may not always result in the optimal solution.