Final answer:
The control ratio in the control balance theory refers to the concept of 'Regulatory controls,' which helps explain the occurrence of deviant behavior based on the balance or imbalance of control that individuals experience or exert over others.
Step-by-step explanation:
The control ratio in the control balance theory developed by Charles Tittle is D) Regulatory controls. This theory posits that deviant behavior can be understood in the context of an individual's balance of control. According to Tittle, individuals with a balance of control, neither experiencing too much control over them nor having too much control over others, are less likely to engage in deviant behavior. On the other hand, those with a high control deficit (being controlled by others) or a high control surplus (controlling others excessively), are more likely to partake in deviance.
The control balance theory suggests that when the amount of control to which one is subject is proportional to the control one can exercise, there tends to be a deterrent effect on the motivation for deviance. Therefore, regulatory controls are vital for maintaining this balance and preventing deviance.