Final answer:
In the fern life cycle, the gametophyte constitutes the haploid phase with each cell containing a single set of chromosomes (1n). Thus, the correct characterization of gametophyte cells is that they have one set of chromosomes, making other statements claiming two or more sets, or lack of chromosomes, incorrect.
Step-by-step explanation:
To interpret the fern life cycle, specifically regarding the characteristics of gametophyte cells, we need to understand the basics of plant reproduction. In ferns, we observe an alternation of generations, where both haploid and diploid stages are distinct and free-living. The gametophyte is the haploid phase of the life cycle, meaning that gametophyte cells contain a single set (1n) of chromosomes. This key feature is what enables gametophytes to produce gametes—sperm and eggs—through mitosis, which when fused, form a diploid zygote that grows into the sporophyte stage. Therefore, the correct statement in relation to the question about the number of chromosome sets in gametophyte cells is a) Gametophyte cells have two sets of chromosomes. This statement is false since gametophyte cells are haploid and only contain one set of chromosomes. Options b), c), and d) are also incorrect, as they do not accurately describe the chromosomal composition of gametophyte cells in ferns. It's also worth noting that ferns are not the only organisms with a one-set gametophyte; other plants, including bryophytes and other non-flowering plants, also exhibit this characteristic.