Final answer:
The physiological components of emotion encompass responses such as changes in heart rate and sweating; theories like James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, and Schachter-Singer provide different perspectives on how these physiological changes relate to emotional experiences.
Step-by-step explanation:
The physiological components of emotion refer to the automatic and unconscious bodily responses that accompany an emotional experience. Examples of these components include changes in heart rate, sweating, and other bodily responses like pupil dilation or muscle tension.
The James-Lange theory of emotion posits that we first experience physiological arousal and then interpret this as an emotion. Conversely, the Cannon-Bard theory suggests that we experience physiological arousal and emotional feeling simultaneously, but independently.
The Schachter-Singer two-factor theory integrates both physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal to explain our emotional experiences, implying that the context in which arousal occurs plays a pivotal role in the emotion we perceive.