Final answer:
B) Neuroses
Freud called all non-psychotic disorders 'neuroses,' which he believed were caused by repressed childhood traumas and could manifest as physical symptoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Freud's Concept of Non-Psychotic Disorders
Sigmund Freud, a well-known figure in the history of psychology, called the non-psychotic disorders neuroses. These disorders were characterized by physical symptoms without an apparent physical cause and were thought to arise from the unconscious mind.
Freud's approach to treating these disorders involved psychoanalysis, or the "talking cure", where patients would recount memories and dreams to uncover suppressed ideas linked to their symptoms.
His theory suggested that hysteria and neuroses were often linked to repressed childhood traumas, particularly those of a sexual nature. Freud was one of the first to suggest that psychological issues could manifest in physical symptoms, which was an innovative view at the time.