Final answer:
Shoulder surfing refers to the act of observing someone typing in their login information without their knowledge, commonly used to steal sensitive data. Individuals can protect themselves through two-factor authentication, strong passwords, and being educated on security practices, whereas institutions require stronger website protections.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a customer uses their computer at a café, and an attacker watches the customer typing their login information, this is known as 'shoulder surfing'. Shoulder surfing is a form of data theft where an individual closely observes someone's actions to gain sensitive information. This could include looking over someone's shoulder to capture their keystrokes on a keyboard or watching as they enter a PIN at an ATM.
As digital footprints expand, the need for increased security measures becomes more evident. Techniques such as two-factor authentication and the use of stronger passwords are recommended for individuals, while companies and governments must implement stronger protections on their websites to safeguard customer and employee information.
Education is essential to help avoid scams and safeguard personal information from those with criminal intent, including potential identity theft which involves the wrongful acquisition and use of a person's personal identifiers to commit fraud.