Final answer:
After executing the statement 'a = b++;', the variable 'a' will have the value 1, and the variable 'b' will be incremented to 2.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is about understanding post-increment operator in programming, specifically in the C programming language. When the expression a = b++ is executed, two operations occur. First, the current value of b (which is 1) is assigned to a. After that, b is incremented by 1. So after the statement is executed, the value of a will be 1, and the value of b will be 2.