Final answer:
The answer is A) Deviates. This word describes a person who does not adhere to approved social or professional behavior norms. Deviance is context-dependent and varies by social standards.
Step-by-step explanation:
A person who does not conform to the approved standards of social or professional behavior would best be described as deviates. The correct answer is A) Deviates. Deviance is often relative and can be influenced by context and societal norms. For example, certain behaviors may be considered acceptable in one setting, yet in another, they can be viewed as deviant. Conformity refers to aligning one's behavior with group norms or expectations, whereas deviance is the failure to do so.
Noteworthy is the idea that different societies have varying standards for what is considered deviant behavior, and these standards can evolve over time. Innovators, as well, may turn to deviant means to achieve goals unattainable through legitimate channels. This concept illustrates that conformity and deviance are significant aspects of social behavior and group dynamics. Young people, in particular, are highly cognizant of who adheres to social norms and who does not.