Final answer:
The polarized distribution of membrane transporters ensures directionality of cellular processes, allowing for the establishment and maintenance of concentration gradients necessary for various cellular functions. The correct option is C.
Step-by-step explanation:
The polarized distribution of membrane transporters ensures directionality of cellular processes (C). Cellular membranes feature a selective permeability to control the movement of substances into and out of the cell, and the appropriate distribution of transporters is key to maintaining this selectivity.
While passive transport allows molecules to move along a concentration gradient, facilitated transport relies on specific proteins that enable the movement of larger or polar molecules across the membrane. Active transport, in contrast, consumes energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient and is crucial for maintaining essential gradients across membranes.
The polarized distribution of these transporters ensures that specific substances are moved in a determined direction, supporting the necessary concentration gradients for cellular processes such as the excitability of cells.