Final answer:
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is part of the peripheral nervous system, located within the alimentary canal's walls, and overseen by the autonomic nervous system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question regarding the enteric nervous system (ENS) is B) A. The ENS is located within the walls of the alimentary canal and is regulated by the autonomic nervous system, B. It controls involuntary processes in the alimentary canal.
The ENS is a specialized division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that manages the functions of the digestive system. This complex system contains approximately 100 million neurons, including motor, sensory, and interneurons, that are distributed in two primary plexuses, the myenteric plexus and the submucosal plexus.
The former is found in the muscularis layer and is chiefly responsible for the rhythmic contractions of the gut, while the latter is situated in the submucosal layer and controls digestive secretions and reactions to the presence of food.
Furthermore, the ENS can operate independently from the central nervous system (CNS) but is considered part of the autonomic nervous system because it uses autonomic connections to regulate digestive processes.
Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system components of the autonomic system can influence the ENS, although the ENS can function autonomously.