Question

Describe simple diffusion, ion channels, gating of integral membrane proteins, facilitated diffusion, primary active transport, secondary active transport, pinocytosis, exocytosis, and endocytosis.

A) Simple diffusion: Movement of solutes; Ion channels: Membrane-spanning proteins; Gating: Activation of ion channels; Facilitated diffusion: Movement with a carrier protein; Primary active transport: ATP-dependent movement; Secondary active transport: Coupled movement; Pinocytosis: Cell drinking; Exocytosis: Cell secretion; Endocytosis: Cell engulfing
B) Simple diffusion: Cell drinking; Ion channels: Movement of solutes; Gating: Activation of ion channels; Facilitated diffusion: Membrane-spanning proteins; Primary active transport: Coupled movement; Secondary active transport: ATP-dependent movement; Pinocytosis: Movement with a carrier protein; Exocytosis: Cell secretion; Endocytosis: Membrane-spanning proteins
C) Simple diffusion: Movement with a carrier protein; Ion channels: ATP-dependent movement; Gating: Coupled movement; Facilitated diffusion: Movement of solutes; Primary active transport: Cell drinking; Secondary active transport: Activation of ion channels; Pinocytosis: Cell secretion; Exocytosis: Membrane-spanning proteins; Endocytosis: Movement of solutes
D) Simple diffusion: Movement of solutes; Ion channels: Membrane-spanning proteins; Gating: Activation of ion channels; Facilitated diffusion: Movement with a carrier protein; Primary active transport: ATP-dependent movement; Secondary active transport: Coupled movement; Pinocytosis: Cell secretion; Exocytosis: Cell drinking; Endocytosis: Cell engulfing

Answer 1

Option A provides the correct matching descriptions for each of the biological processes involved in molecule and ion movement in and out of cells which are: Simple diffusion: Movement of solutes; Ion channels: Membrane-spanning proteins; Gating: Activation of ion channels; Facilitated diffusion: Movement with a carrier protein; Primary active transport: ATP-dependent movement; Secondary active transport: Coupled movement; Pinocytosis: Cell drinking; Exocytosis: Cell secretion; Endocytosis: Cell engulfing

Step-by-step explanation:

The correct description for each process is:

1. Simple diffusion: Movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across the plasma membrane without the need for energy.
2. Ion channels: Membrane-spanning proteins that allow ions to pass through the membrane in response to a concentration gradient.
3. Gating: The process of opening or closing ion channels in response to stimuli, effectively regulating ion flow.
4. Facilitated diffusion: The movement of molecules across a cell membrane via carrier proteins from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration, without energy expenditure.
5. Primary active transport: The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient with the use of energy from ATP, involving transporter proteins like pumps.
6. Secondary active transport: The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, driven by the energy stored in the gradient of another molecule that moves alongside or in exchange for the first molecule.
7. Pinocytosis: A type of endocytosis sometimes referred to as 'cell drinking,' where the cell engulfs liquid containing solutes into vesicles.
8. Exocytosis: The process by which cells expel materials in vesicles, which fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents outside the cell.
9. Endocytosis: The process by which cells engulf substances from the external environment, forming vesicles to bring them inside the cell.

With reference to the choice options provided, Option A is the correct match for each of the listed processes.