Final answer:
Non-random mating doesn't change allele frequencies directly but can affect evolution indirectly. Genetic drift, a change in allele frequencies due to chance, is more significant in small populations and can result from events like the founder effect.
Step-by-step explanation:
Non-random mating can indirectly affect evolution but does not change allele frequencies on its own. The correct answer here is B) Allele frequencies. Non-random mating influences which individuals pair up and mate, which can lead to changes in phenotype frequencies but not necessarily the allele frequencies. It can, over time, have indirect effects on evolution by influencing other factors such as genetic drift or natural selection. Genetic drift, on the other hand, is a random change in allele frequencies, especially in small populations, and is not influenced by mating patterns. It occurs due to chance events that affect which individuals reproduce and pass on their alleles. One example is the founder effect, where a small group of individuals forms a new population, leading to a shift in allele frequencies due to their limited genetic variation.