Final answer:
The statement "Only 1 RF needed for chain termination in eukaryotes, 2 RFs in prokaryotes" is b) false because eukaryotes have complex termination mechanisms involving different processes for their three RNA polymerases, while prokaryotes can use rho-dependent or rho-independent termination methods.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'Only 1 RF needed for chain termination in eukaryotes, 2 RFs in prokaryotes.' is false. In terms of transcription and its termination, eukaryotes and prokaryotes differ significantly. In eukaryotes, the termination of transcription involves different processes for the three RNA polymerases. For example, RNA polymerase I uses a specific 18-nucleotide sequence recognized by a termination protein, while RNA polymerase III involves an mRNA hairpin structure for termination.
In contrast, prokaryotic termination can be either rho-dependent or rho-independent. The rho-dependent pathway requires the rho protein to disengage the RNA polymerase from the DNA, and the rho-independent pathway uses certain DNA sequences causing the RNA polymerase to stall and release the RNA transcript. Therefore, the need for one or more termination factors (RFs) varies depending on the organism and the specific polymerase involved during transcription.
Hence, the correct answer is Option B.