Final answer:
Glycosylation and phosphorylation are examples of post-translational modification, which can alter protein function and interactions, thus controlling gene expression.
Step-by-step explanation:
Glycosylation and phosphorylation are two prominent examples of post-translational modification. This regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes modifies proteins after they are made. Phosphorylation, for instance, involves the addition of a phosphate group, often to amino acids like serine, threonine, and tyrosine, which can activate or inactivate enzymes, altering their function and interactions in signaling pathways. Glycosylation refers to the addition of sugar molecules to proteins, which can affect protein folding, stability, and cell signaling.