Final answer:
AU-binding proteins interact with deadenylases and other enzymes to deadenylate the mRNA transcript, reducing its stability and leading to degradation. This controls the length of time the mRNA is available for translation in the cytoplasm.
Step-by-step explanation:
The AUBPs (AU-binding proteins) interact with deadenylases, decapping enzymes, or exosomal proteins to ultimately deadenylate the mRNA transcript. The function of these interactions is to decrease the stability of the mRNA molecule, leading to its degradation. This process is crucial for regulating gene expression, as the stability of mRNA affects how long it stays in the cytoplasm and is available for translation. The deadenylation of mRNA by deadenylases, often signaled by AUBPs, typically leads to mRNA decay, which prevents translation of the RNA molecule. The poly-A tail of an mRNA, added post-transcriptionally by polyadenylate polymerase, is critical for the stability and export of the mRNA, hence, shortening of this tail via deadenylation leads to destabilization and degradation of the mRNA.
These AUBPs interact with deadenylases, decapping enzymes, or exosomal proteins to destabilize the mRNA transcript. They can lead to the degradation of the mRNA molecule by deadenylases or decapping enzymes, or they can promote its degradation by exosomal proteins.