Final answer:
Huntington's Disease is characterized by the aggregation of mutant huntingtin protein, which leads to neuronal damage. It is categorized as a proteopathy, a type of disease involving protein misfolding and accumulation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The disease Huntington's Disease involves polyglutamate aggregates from mutant forms of huntingtin. This neurodegenerative disorder is caused by a mutation in the gene that encodes for the huntingtin protein, leading to an abnormally long sequence of glutamine residues which subsequently results in the toxic aggregation of the mutant huntingtin protein within neurons, particularly affecting cortical and striatal neurons.
This contrasts with diseases like Alzheimer's, characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles, and Parkinson's Disease, which involves alpha-synuclein protein aggregates.
Diseases like Huntington's are classified as proteopathies, a category which includes several neurodegenerative diseases where protein misfolding results in toxic accumulation within the body, highlighting the significance of proteins maintaining their proper three-dimensional structure to function correctly.