Final answer:
Underwriters focus on two major concerns regarding cargo transportation: the inherent risks of the cargo's nature and unpredictable external risks such as political instability or natural disasters, which influence the safe and timely delivery of shipments.
Step-by-step explanation:
Underwriters are particularly attentive to the susceptibility of cargo to losses during transportation. Two significant concerns include the nature of the cargo itself and external risks that may affect the shipment. Firstly, the cargo's physical and chemical properties may pose risks, such as perishability, flammability, or vulnerability to theft. For instance, refrigerated cargo ships carrying foods must prevent spoilage, while vessels transporting flammable substances like petroleum face fire and explosion hazards.
Secondly, external factors like natural disasters, political instability, or economic downturns also present significant risks that are mainly beyond the control of individuals or companies. These factors can impact the safety and timely delivery of the cargo, possibly resulting in losses. Adequate assessment of these risks is essential in determining insurance coverage and preventative measures to manage and mitigate potential losses.