Final answer:
Aminoacyl-tRNA reads the codon through codon-anticodon base pairing, which is crucial for accurate translation of the mRNA into a protein.
Step-by-step explanation:
Aminoacyl-tRNA 'reads' the codon through codon-anticodon base pairing. Each tRNA molecule has a specific anticodon sequence, which is complementary to a mRNA codon. These anticodons pair with their corresponding codons on the mRNA strand during translation. This pairing is crucial for the correct insertion of amino acids into the growing polypeptide chain. The tRNA anticodon pairs with the mRNA codon in an antiparallel orientation, with the 5' to 3' direction of the mRNA corresponding to the 3' to 5' direction of the tRNA. This precise codon-anticodon interaction ensures that the ribosome accurately translates the mRNA's sequence into a protein.