Final answer:
The Governor of Lahore responsible for making Banda Singh's forces retreat to Gurdas Nangal in April 1715 A.D. was Abd-us-Samad Khan. He was part of the Mughal Empire, which had established a sophisticated military presence in the region, with a lineage tracing back to the Mongol Empire and significant military tactics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Governor of Lahore who made the forces of Banda Singh retreat to Gurdas Nangal in April 1715 A.D. was Abd-us-Samad Khan. Banda Singh was a prominent Sikh military leader who initially had successes against the Mughal Empire, but eventually faced strong opposition from Mughal forces led by Abd-us-Samad Khan.
Banda Singh’s adversary, Abd-us-Samad Khan, was a Mughal official faced with the task of suppressing the Sikh uprisings during the early 18th century. The Mughal Empire, founded by Babur, traced its origins to the Timurid dynasty and the Mongol Empire established by Genghis Khan. The Mughals were known for their significant military tactics, including the effective use of gunpowder in warfare, which contributed to the successes and expansions of their empire.
The historical context of this period is vital to understand the challenges Banda Singh faced, as the Mughal Empire represented a powerful adversary with sophisticated military strategies and a lineage of formidable Mongol leadership. The retreat to Gurdas Nangal was a critical moment in the struggle between the Sikh resistance and the Mughal authorities.