Final answer:
Observatories for radio and optical observations are called Ground-Based Observatories (A). They are preferred for practical and financial reasons and can be made highly effective with technologies such as adaptive optics. Space-Based Observatories are required for wavelengths such as ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma-ray, which are blocked by Earth's atmosphere.
Step-by-step explanation:
When objects are in the radio and optical window, observatories can be built on the ground. These are called Ground-Based Observatories. Astronomers plan for visible-light and infrared telescopes that will be constructed on the ground because of certain advantages. Ground-based observatories are ideal particularly because they allow for easier maintenance and upgrades, lower costs compared to space-based equipment, and immediate accessibility. Some factors such as clear weather, dark skies, low water vapor, and excellent atmospheric seeing are important in deciding where to build these observatories since they can greatly affect the resolution of the telescopes.
Contrastingly, certain types of observation like ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma-ray require Space-Based Observatories because Earth's atmosphere blocks these wavelengths. Furthermore, technologies such as the technique of adaptive optics have made ground observatories even more effective by correcting atmospheric turbulence to provide detailed images. This illustrates why new ground-based infrared telescopes are being planned despite the existence of space-based counterparts.