Final answer:
The Pathans left Guru Gobind Singh Ji at a critical point during the Battle of Anandpur Sahib, which was a challenging time for the Sikh forces.
Step-by-step explanation:
Guru Gobind Singh Ji's Pathans left him at a critical point during the battle of Anandpur Sahib. This event was a significant setback for Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the tenth Sikh Guru, as the desertion occurred during intense conflict. The Pathans, who were initially hired as mercenaries, abandoned their positions which added to the challenges faced by the Sikh forces.
Regarding the broader historical context, the Mughals under Emperor Aurangzeb pursued policies of religious persecution that clashed with the Sikhs, a monotheistic community that blended aspects of Hinduism and Islam. Aurangzeb's execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru who was a leader of the Sikh faith, marked a pivotal escalation in the conflict and galvanized Sikh resistance against Mughal dominance.