Final answer:
Comte envisaged science as a tool for societal improvement, with sociology at its core to empirically study and progress modern society. The ultimate goal was to rely on proven scientific laws and principles rather than religion.
Step-by-step explanation:
Auguste Comte, the French philosopher, viewed the role of science in modern society as a means to develop and improve societal organization. He proposed the establishment of sociology, a science of society that could be studied empirically to understand social structures and promote human progress. Comte believed that through the application of scientific principles to the study of society, identified social problems could be addressed effectively, leading to the advancement of a more peaceful civilization.
Based on Comte's law of three stages, he predicted that society would progress from a theological stage to a metaphysical one, and finally to a positive stage. In this positive stage, Comte believed that humanity would rely solely on proven laws and principles, leaving behind the reliance on religious explanation. Thus, in Comte's vision, the science of society would serve as a tool for societal improvement in the modern era.