Final answer:
The primary modes of quantitative data collection are surveys, experiments, observations, and field trials. These methods leverage tools such as questionnaires to gather numerical data that can be statistically analyzed, each with their own set of advantages and limitations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The modes of primary quantitative data collection include surveys, experiments, observations, and field trials. A questionnaire is a common instrument in such research, typically featuring closed-ended questions that yield numerical data suitable for statistical analysis.
The choice between different research methods like surveys, ethnographic field research, formal and informal interviews, historical secondary data analysis, and content analysis is guided by the research question and topic at hand.
Each method has distinct advantages and disadvantages, with decisions in planning affecting the study's outcome. For instance, while surveys often collect both quantitative and qualitative data, experiments provide specific data that can be replicated in a controlled environment.