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A planet of mass m orbits a star of mass M, where m<I. The orbit equals 2pir/T

II. The gravitational force equals GMm/ r^
III. If the orbital radius r were greater, T would also be greater

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Final answer:

The student's question relates to the effect of increasing the orbital radius of a planet on its orbital period around a star. Increasing the orbital radius would result in a greater orbital period according to Kepler's third law of planetary motion.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question asked by the student concerns the orbital mechanics of a planet around a star. Specifically, it deals with the relationship between the orbital period T, and the radius r of the orbit.

According to Kepler's third law of planetary motion, which can also be expressed with Newton's version of the law, the square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit, given by the equation T² ≈ r³ (when the mass of the planet is much smaller than the mass of the star).

Therefore, if the orbital radius r were to increase, the orbital period T would indeed also increase. The crucial point to understand here is that the gravitational force between the two bodies, given by GMm/r², acts as the centripetal force necessary to keep the planet in a circular orbit.

When the orbital radius increases, this force decreases, requiring a longer duration for the planet to complete one full orbit, hence a greater orbital period T.

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