Final answer:
It is true that goal commitment and financial incentives impact goal achievement. Historical and physics examples from U.S. Indian policy, the market revolution, Jefferson's economic policies, and fundamental principles of motion highlight the importance of incentives, external forces, and energy dynamics in achieving desired outcomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that 'Goal commitment and financial incentives affect whether goals are achieved' is true. Individuals who are committed to their goals are more likely to put in the effort and persistence necessary to achieve them. Moreover, financial incentives can serve as extrinsic motivation and provide a tangible reward for achieving a goal, potentially increasing the likelihood of success.
Examples from U.S. History:
- The market revolution did indeed bring significant social and economic changes to the United States, making the statement in Exercise 11.1.1 true.
- Acquisition of land was a central element in early U.S. Indian policy, which is what Exercise 11.1.2 is referring to, thus making the statement true.
- Thomas Jefferson's efforts to resolve issues with Britain and France through economic pressure were largely unsuccessful, which makes the statement in Exercise 11.1.3 false.
Examples from Physics:
- An external force is indeed required to set a stationary object in motion even in outer space, where there is no gravitational influence or atmospheric friction. This corresponds with Newton's first law of motion, making statement 46 true.
- When a rock is thrown into the air, its potential energy increases with height, and its kinetic energy increases as it falls back down. Therefore, the statement in number 8 is false because it incorrectly states the relationship between potential and kinetic energy.
Incentives and Collective Dilemmas:
When addressing collective dilemmas, motivations that align with group goals are crucial. Purposive incentives are those that appeal to someone's concern about a cause, as indicated in question 5. Types of incentives and clear goal alignment are important factors in the success of any collective action.