Final answer:
DNA replication errors can introduce changes into the genetic sequence, leading to mutations. These can be spontaneous mutations or induced by mutagens, possibly causing diseases like cancer or contributing to genetic diversity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Errors in DNA replication can lead to mutations by introducing incorrect nucleotides into the DNA sequence. Although DNA polymerase has proofreading capabilities to correct these mistakes, some errors escape correction and become permanent. If an incorrect base pair is not corrected before the completion of replication, it can result in a point mutation, which is a change in a single nucleotide. Over time, these mutations can accumulate, leading to alterations in the genetic code that can cause diseases like cancer, influence traits, or in some cases have no discernible effect at all.
Mutations are normal parts of evolution but can also be harmful. Spontaneous mutations occur without environmental influence, while induced mutations result from exposure to mutagens such as chemicals and radiation which can greatly increase mutation rates. Moreover, not all mutations are detrimental; some can provide advantageous variations within a population.