Final answer:
The myelin sheath has a very low concentration of protein because it enhances signal transmission along neurons. It acts as an insulator, similar to the materials used to encase electrical wires, enabling electrical signals to be transmitted more quickly and efficiently.
Step-by-step explanation:
The myelin sheath is a lipid-rich layer that surrounds the axon of a neuron, and one of its main functions is to facilitate the transmission of electrical signals along the neuron more efficiently. This insulation is provided by glial cells, specifically oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Within this myelin sheath, there is a very low concentration of protein, which is important because if it were more protein-rich, it could potentially disrupt the efficient transmission of nervous impulses by affecting the electric insulation properties of the myelin.
The correct answer to why the myelin sheath has a very low concentration of protein is B) It enhances signal transmission. The myelin sheath acts in a similar way to the plastic or rubber that encases an electrical cord, preventing the loss of electrical charge and allowing for faster signal transmission along the nerves.