Final answer:
The question addresses methods to improve the development and maintenance of SQL-based database applications through modular design, code reuse, and optimized queries. The actions discussed are mapped to enhance, handle, optimize, develop, reuse, and reduce - aiming for efficient and maintainable database systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to a software development concept in the realm of databases, and particularly SQL (Structured Query Language). It speaks about actions or techniques one might use to improve SQL-based applications, to make them more efficient and maintainable. To enhance SQL expressiveness, one might optimize query statements or modularize applications for better reuse and easier maintenance.
Using the provided options, a reasonable mapping for the actions described could be as follows:
- Increase expressiveness of SQL - Enhance or Improve
- Process query results in a tuple-oriented way - Handle or Manage
- Optimized combined SQL statements - Optimize or Combine
- Develop modular database application programs - Develop or Design
- Reuse programs and codes - Reuse or Recycle
- Reduce the cost for maintaining and changing applications - Reduce or Minimize
When striving to increase efficiency and maintainability of SQL database applications, keeping code modular and reusable is paramount. This allows for easier adaptations and enhancements to the application while keeping maintenance costs low.