Question

A spontaneous process

a) Occurs without the addition of free energy
b) Has a ΔG < 0
c) Is exergonic
d) All of the above

Answer 1

A spontaneous process is one that occurs without external energy input, has a negative ΔG, and is exergonic, hence the correct answer is 'All of the above'. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is d) All of the above as each statement is true for a spontaneous process.

Step-by-step explanation:

A spontaneous process is one that occurs naturally and involves a system moving towards a state of lower free energy without the need for continuous energy input from an external source. Key characteristics of such processes include:

• They occur without the addition of free energy from an external source.
• They have a Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) that is negative (ΔG < 0), indicating that the process can occur naturally.
• They are exergonic, meaning they release energy to the surroundings.

Therefore, the correct answer to the question is d) All of the above as each statement is true for a spontaneous process.