Question

Hydrogen bonds within liquid water:

a) Are attractions between the protons of the oxygen nuclei
b) Are dipole-dipole attractions
c) Are ion-induced dipole attractions
d) Are attractions between two hydrogen atoms
e) Are attractions between the H(+) and OH(-) ions of the liquid

Answer 1

Hydrogen bonds within liquid water are dipole-dipole attractions between the partially positive hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the partially negative oxygen atom of another molecule. The option (B) is correct.

Step-by-step explanation:

Hydrogen bonds within liquid water are dipole-dipole attractions. Specifically, they occur when the partially positive hydrogen atom of one water molecule is attracted to the partially negative oxygen atom of another water molecule. This interaction is a special case of dipole-dipole attraction because it involves hydrogen bonded to an electronegative atom (oxygen, in this case).

It is important to note that the strength of a hydrogen bond is greater than that of a typical dipole-dipole interaction due to the high electronegativity of oxygen that creates a significant polarity in the water molecule. Therefore, the correct answer is (b)