Final answer:
Vroom's expectancy theory is the correct answer, which highlights the influence of expectations and outcome attractiveness on motivation. It differs from other theories by focusing on cognitive choice and individual expectation as key motivators.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory which posits that motivation is influenced by the strength of a tendency to act, which depends on the strength of the expectation that the act will be followed by a particular outcome and the attractiveness of that outcome, is known as Vroom's expectancy theory. Vroom's theory emphasizes the cognitive process of decision-making in motivation and the role of individual expectations. The options provided include various theories of motivation, each defining different elements that drive human behavior. For instance, Herzberg's dual-factor theory focuses on job-related factors that result in satisfaction or dissatisfaction, while Maslow's hierarchy of needs outlines a progression of human needs from physiological to self-actualization. McClelland's three needs theory examines the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power as motivators. Lastly, Alderfer's ERG theory condenses Maslow's hierarchy into three core needs: existence, relatedness, and growth.