Final answer:
Motivation in psychology is defined as the intensity, direction, and persistence with which an individual approaches a goal. It includes intrinsic and extrinsic factors and is closely related to the concept of grit, which is the steadfast pursuit of a goal despite difficulties.
Step-by-step explanation:
Motivation and Individual Drive
Motivation is an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence toward achieving a goal. In psychology, motivation is a crucial concept that explains why people behave the way they do. It can stem from various sources, such as biological, intrinsic, or extrinsic factors. Intrinsic motivation refers to undertaking an activity for the inherent satisfaction it provides, while extrinsic motivation involves engaging in behavior to earn a reward or avoid punishment. Another key aspect related to motivation is grit or resilience, which is the personal perseverance a person shows toward accomplishing a task or goal regardless of obstacles, failures, or setbacks. This trait reflects a determination to keep trying until success is achieved.
When discussing motivation, it is not accurate to describe it as a component of ability, personal traits, and desire (option a) alone or as a constant intensity (option d). It is also not precisely an attitudinal trait (option e). Instead, it encompasses the complex reasons behind our actions and our ability to persist in the face of challenges.