Final answer:
The space inside the skull that houses the brain is called the cranial cavity, which is part of the brain case protecting the brain and cushioned by cerebrospinal fluid.
Step-by-step explanation:
The space inside the skull that houses the brain is called the cranial cavity. This cavity is part of the posterior (dorsal) cavity and is crucial for protecting the brain. The cranial cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, known as the calvaria or skullcap, and by the lateral and posterior sides of the skull. It's a portion of the brain case, which contains and protects the brain, and is almost entirely occupied by the brain itself. The cranial cavity is subdivided into three cranial fossae that conform to the shape of the brain regions they contain, increasing in depth from anterior to posterior. Additionally, the brain and spinal cord are cushioned within the cranial cavity by cerebrospinal fluid.
Thus, the correct answer to the question, 'What is the space inside the skull that houses the brain?' is c. Cranial cavity.