Final answer:
In addition to verbal communication, nonverbal messages are conveyed through visual, tactile, olfactory, and gustatory channels, encompassing body language, touch, scents, and tastes.
Step-by-step explanation:
To a large extent, verbal messages are sent through the air by sound waves. A student inquired about the channels used to send nonverbal messages. The channels for nonverbal communication are indeed diverse. Unlike verbal messages, which often rely on the auditory channel, nonverbal messages utilize various channels:
- Visual and tactile channels include body language, facial expressions, and gestures, as well as touch.
- Olfactory and gustatory channels convey information through scents and tastes.
- Auditory signals are largely reserved for verbal communication.
Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is D. All of the above, as all these channels are used to convey nonverbal messages among humans and animals.