Final answer:
The answer to the question is A. Black-Scholes method, the primary method for determining option premiums, based on the influential Black-Scholes-Merton equation in financial theory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary method by which to determine the value of an option premium is the Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) equation. The answer to the question is A. Black-Scholes method. The BSM model, one of the most significant achievements in modern financial theory, provides a formula for estimating the value of options, which includes calls and puts, without any dividends paid on the underlying stock. In the Black-Scholes model, several factors are taken into account, such as the stock price, the exercise price of the option, the time to expiration, the risk-free interest rate, and the volatility of the stock's return. These factors are inserted into the BSM equation to calculate the option's theoretical fair value or premium.