Final answer:
Task-oriented and mastery-oriented approaches are the most beneficial for student success because they focus on learning, mastery of skills, and achieving goals. Other orientations like avoidance or social comparison-oriented might not consistently contribute to academic growth.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the stated orientations, task-oriented and mastery-oriented orientations are most beneficial for student success, option (b). A task-oriented approach emphasizes the completion of tasks and achieving goals. Students with this orientation are dedicated to understanding the material and developing proficiency. Mastery-oriented students are similarly focused on learning and mastering new skills, which helps them embrace challenges and persist despite setbacks. Avoidance-oriented and social comparison-oriented are less effective as they can foster a sense of fear of failure or encourage unhealthy competition, which does not consistently lead to academic growth or personal development. In different contexts such as the classroom, workplace, or sports team, one might prefer different leadership styles. However, task and mastery orientations generally support academic success and can also be applied across various aspects of life.