Final answer:
Retention involves encoding information through attention and rehearsal, storing that information, and then retrieving it when needed. Recall, recognition, and relearning are key retrieval methods that aid in retention. Effective encoding and retrieval strategies are essential for strong retention and memory.
Step-by-step explanation:
Components of Retention
The components that make up retention involve the processes of encoding, storing, and retrieving information. Retention is more specifically the storage of the information. To recall information effectively, one needs to retrieve it, which can be done in several ways. The primary ways to retrieve information are recall, where information is accessed without cues, for example in an essay test; recognition, such as when you recognize former classmates at a reunion using yearbook photos as cues; and relearning, indicative of how quickly information can be reacquired after it has been forgotten.
Memory Processes
Encoding is the first step in creating a memory. It's when you lay down the details of an event, fact, or idea. Then, the storage of this information depends on attention and rehearsal. The better we encode information, the more effectively we can store and later retrieve it. Retrieval is the final step, acting as the mechanism we use to recall stored information from our long-term memory back into our conscious awareness. This is critical for the process of retention and affects how well we can remember information for tests, interviews, or real-world tasks.
Enhancing Memory
Apart from these processes, memory can also be affected by interference, either proactive or retroactive, leading to forgetting. Effortful encoding and strategies such as the use of mnemonic devices, rehearsal, self-referencing, and ensuring adequate sleep can enhance retention and tackle issues like encoding failure or retrieval difficulties.