Final answer:
Functionalism, as studied by Talcott Parsons and other sociologists within this perspective, focuses on analyzing the functions and purposes of social institutions within society.
Step-by-step explanation:
Functionalism in Sociology:
Functionalism, also recognized as structural-functional theory, is a framework in sociology that perceives society as a complex system with interconnected parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals within that society. One of the key figures in the development of functionalist theory was Talcott Parsons, who focused on understanding the functions and purposes of social institutions. Functionalism considers the various parts of society, like social institutions including government, education, family, healthcare, religion, and the economy, and how they work together to keep the society functioning harmoniously. The parts of society that Spencer referred to were the social institutions, or patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social needs.
Therefore, when considering 'What does functionalist study (think of parson)?', the answer would be a) The functions and purposes of social institutions.